
University of
Iceland
arelia@hi.is

In my research I
analyze the role of
middle managers in
the changing process
of organizations. As
we know,
organizations are
always changing
faster and faster
and what I find
interesting is to
measure hope in
middle managers
using Snyder's hope
scale and theory of
hope as well as some
life attitudes
scales in order to
find out what
attitudes are most
helpful in the
changing process. I
will then relate
this to job
satisfaction and
effectiveness of the
outcome of the
change or the change
process.
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